STRUCTURAL REHABILITATION
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- Versione italiana
- Academic year
- 2017/2018
- Teacher
- FERDINANDO LAUDIERO
- Credits
- 9
- Curriculum
- COSTRUZIONI
- Didactic period
- Secondo Semestre
- SSD
- ICAR/09
Training objectives
- The course of Structural Rehabilitation is the only civil engineering course of this Department dealing with the rehabilitation of the masonry buildings in the full context of the design prescriptions, the techniques of structural analysis, and mechanical and geometrical limitations indicated by the Italian (possibly European) Structural Codes.
The course guides students to the development of a complex experience including possible historical analysis, global survey including building techniques and structural details, perception of structural weaknesses, modelling and quantitative evaluation of structural weaknesses, proposal of a complete rehabilitation design, evaluation of the improvement of the safety factor gained by the rehabilitation design, evaluation of the relevant, the determination of the hazard class attained, in view of the tax deduction offered by the Legislative Decree February 28, 2017, in the geographic area of interest for the Engineering Department in Ferrara.
The main knowledge offered by the course consists of:
1) Insight of the resisting inner force distribution of the masonry constructions subjected to horizontal and vertical loads.
2) Mechanical behavior of arch and vault systems with relation to aspect ratios and stiffness of the abutments;
3) Collapse mechanisms of arch and vault systems;
4) Verification techniques for arch and vault systems;
5) Mechanical properties of timber aimed at the rehabilitation of wooden floors and roofs;
6) Instability of masonry columns and walls and relevant verification techniques;
7) Local and global collapse mechanisms of masonry assemblies with relation to floor stiffness and connection between vertical and horizontal components;
8) Linear and non linear models to simulate local and global seismic response of masonry buildings;
9) Evaluation of seismic actions, verification procedures and evaluation of the seismic safety factor and of the hazard class according to the Italian/European Structural Codes.
The main skills acquired (that is to say the ability to apply the gained knowledge) are:
1) Finding of the vulnerabilities of masonry buildings by means of qualitative and quantitative analyses.
2) Modelling of the seismic response of masonry buildings (or of individual components when required) according to the Italian Structural Code and, particularly, development of Excel sheets for a linear static analyses in the presence of a proper Response Modification Coefficient (R Factor).
3) Design of rehabilitation interventions to improve the seismic response of the building by means of masonry, reinforced concrete, wooden or steel integrations and/or prostheses according to the current structural code.
4) Assessment of the seismic safety factor of the building analyzed according to the current structural code.
5) Evaluation of the feasibility of the rehabilitation design with respect to the intervention costs.
6) Development of a text of description of the whole process of analysis and of technical drawings implementing procedure, rules and chronological order of the interventions. Prerequisites
- Knowledge offered by courses “Tecnica delle Costruzioni” (Structural Engineering), “Progetti di Strutture” (Structural Design), “Progettazione in zona sismica” (Structural Design in seismic areas) is strongly appropriate, and particularly:
1) Mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete or steel structural components in the elastic and inelastic range.
2) Fundamentals of steel constructions.
3) Basic knowledge of the seismic actions according to Italian (European) Structural Codes.
4) Limit state verification of reinforced concrete and steel structural components according to the Italian (European) Structural Codes.
5) Theory of structures and experience in modelling structural assemblages.
6) Methods of analysis of buildings under seismic actions according to Italian (European) Structural Codes. Course programme
- This course provides students with 90 hours of lessons including lectures dedicated to theoretical principles, a critical illustration of the relevant Structural Codes, and an individual guide to the development of a complete rehabilitation design of a masonry building. The working groups are usually constituted by two students. Normally, the buildings adopted are available to students for some inspections and investigations concerning the structure and the relevant materials. The number of buildings under investigation ranges from 5-6 to 10-12 depending on the number of students and the number of working groups. In summary, about 40 hours are dedicated to theoretical aspects, 10 hours to the critical presentation of the structural codes and 40 hours to the development of the rehabilitation designs. Each design reproduces a complete professional work with the only exception of the bureaucratic procedures. Hence, students have to prove that they are able to make a synthesis of various knowledge offered by the coursed reported as prerequisites, and to apply the knowledge offered by this course. Each rehabilitation design includes a Technical Report which presents a detailed description of each step of the analysis developed, and about 10 technical drawings illustrating the interventions, the rules, and the schedule to be followed. Students are encouraged to form working groups of, generally, two persons as a minimum so as to the reduce the individual burden of the application work. Actually, groups of three people are accepted, but groups of two people are normally preferred by the same students.
Theoretical Lectures – hours n. 40 – CFU n. 4
Historical evolution of the structural models (2 hours).
Kinematics of plane rigid body assemblages (2 hours)
Masonry arches under vertical loads: technology and verifications (4 hours)
Masonry vaults under vertical loads (3 hours)
Masonry as a composite material (5 hours)
Instability of masonry slender walls and columns under compression (4 hours)
Technology of timber structural components (4 hours)
Masonry buildings: recurrent damage patterns due to seismic actions (3 hours)
Evaluation of typical weaknesses of masonry buildings (3 hours)
Modelling of the building response under seismic actions (6 hours)
Non linear Analysis of the Reinforced Concrete Coating of masonry walls (2 hours)
Non linear analysis of masonry buildings (2 hours)
Analysis of technical codes and application to rehabilitation design – hours 10 – CFU 1
Hints for the development of the building structural models (6 hours)
Evaluation of the Knowledge Levels for the buildings of each working group (4 hours)
Guide to the development of the rehabilitation designs – hours 40 – CFU 4
Selection of the buildings to be subjected to rehabilitation designs (6 hours)
Strength verifications and evaluation of the initial safety factor of the buildings adopted (6 hours)
Individual Guide for the Rehabilitation Design of the buildings adopted by each working group (24 hours)
Hints for the Development of Technical Reports (2 hours)
Hints for the Development of Technical drawings (2 hours) Didactic methods
- This course offers theoretical lectures illustrating the principles which rule the behavior and the analysis of masonry artifacts. Moreover, it offers a selection of the prescriptions of the (Italian) M.D. 14-01-08; criteria for the rehabilitation design of masonry buildings arising in seismic areas; a guide to the interpretation of the course notes which can be downloaded from the course website. In turn, the course notes contain the mechanical principles, a critical presentation of the technical prescriptions, the illustration of the main rehabilitation techniques, and an annotated guide to the development of the rehabilitation design. Integrative and essential part of this course is the constant interaction between students and teacher, lasting about two thirds of the global time. In the course of this interaction, students are required to implement the knowledge acquired in their autonomous design proposals. The work planned evolves depending on the repeated quantitative analyses. Finally, students are required to produce a Technical Report and Technical Drawings representing, except for bureaucratic procedures, a real professional work.
Learning assessment procedures
- Each group has at his own disposal a minimum of fifteen individual meetings which represent the necessary support for the development of the rehabilitation design of the masonry building chosen. The weekly meetings enable the teacher to verify fundamental knowledge, analytical faculties, proactive attitudes, and drawing capabilities of each group and of each student. In fact, the direct interaction between the teacher and each group takes advantage of a minimum of 6-7 hours of individual meetings. At the end of the course, each group delivers the Report and the Technical Drawings and the teacher, after an understandable break, gives an extensive analysis of their work (two pages and 8000 characters for each group on average), together with the final evaluation. The numerical evaluation of each work presented accounts for the difficulties offered by the building selected, the complexity and variety of the rehabilitation design, the quality and especially the synthesis of the technical report, and the completeness and clarity of technical drawings. Changes to the final work can only be asked in the presence of important and localized mistakes or, alternatively, in the presence of a significant and systematic poorness. The last one is an unusual occurrence and, each group, normally, finishes its work and is given the final evaluation in the proper time. Nevertheless, having received its own written assessment, each group can ask for a complementing oral presentation of its work. Alternatively, students can accept the original evaluation without any further commitment.
Reference texts
- Basic texts
- Course notes to be downloaded from the course web site (in Italian).
- Mario Como, “Statics of Historic Masonry Constructions”. Springer-Verlag, 2013.
- A. W. Hendry, “Structural Brickwork”. The Macmillan Press 1981.
- S. Podestà, “Verifica sismica di edifici in muratura”. Dario Flaccovio Editore, 2012 (in Italian).
- M. L. Scillone, M. Di Segni, “Tecniche antisismiche per il recupero strutturale di fabbricati in muratura tradizionale”. Edizioni Kappa 2000 (in Italian).
L. Caleca, A. De Vecchi, “Tecnologie di Consolidamento delle Strutture Murarie”. Dario Flaccovio Editore (in Italian).
Broadening or Deepening texts
- Ministerial Decree January 14, 2008. “Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni”. G.U. n. 29 of February 4, 2008, Ord. Suppl. n° 30 (in Italian).
- Consiglio Superiore dei Lavori Pubblici. Circolare 2 Febbraio 2009, n. 617. “Istruzioni per l’applicazione delle “Norme tecniche per le costruzioni” di cui al D.M. 14 gennaio 2008” (in Italian).
Ministerial Decree February 28, 2017, called Sisma Bonus.
- Eurocode 5. Design of Timber Structures. Part 1-1. Common Rules and Rules for Buildings.
- Eurocode 6. Design of Masonry Structures. General Rules, Design considerations, execution of masonry, simplified calculation methods.
- M. Mariani, “Trattato sul consolidamento e restauro degli edifici in muratura - Voll. 1 e 2”. DEI 2006 (in Italian).
- M. Piazza, R. Tomasi, R. Modena, “Strutture in legno”. Hoepli 2005 (in Italian).
- Massimo Mariani, “Consolidamento delle strutture lignee con l’acciaio”, DEI 2004 (in Italian).
- Dipartimento della Protezione Civile – RELUIS – Vicecommissario delegato per la messa in sicurezza dei Beni Culturali. “Linee Guida per il rilievo, l’analisi ed il progetto per interventi di riparazione e consolidamento sismico di edifici in muratura in aggregato”. Bozza Ottobre 2010 (in Italian).
- G. Magenes ed altri, “Metodi semplificati per l’analisi sismica non lineare di edifici in muratura”, GNDT (free download, in Italian).
